The terms "cellar spider" and "daddy long legs" are often used interchangeably, leading to much confusion. However, these names actually refer to two distinct groups of arachnids with significant differences in their appearance, behavior, and even taxonomic classification. Let's delve into the fascinating world of these eight-legged creatures and clear up some common misconceptions.
What is a Cellar Spider?
Cellar spiders (family Pholcidae) are true spiders, belonging to the order Araneae. They are characterized by their long, thin legs and small bodies. Their bodies are typically light brown or grayish, and they often build messy, irregular webs in dark, undisturbed corners, hence their common name. These webs are sticky and designed to trap prey, which they then subdue with their venom. While their venom is capable of affecting their prey (small insects), it's generally considered harmless to humans. Their bite is often described as feeling like a tiny pinprick, and rarely causes any noticeable reaction.
Are cellar spiders dangerous?
No, cellar spiders are not considered dangerous to humans. Their venom is too weak to have a significant effect on people. While they may bite if handled roughly, it's unlikely to cause any serious harm.
What are Daddy Long Legs?
The term "daddy long legs" is actually ambiguous and refers to two entirely different creatures:
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Harvestmen (order Opiliones): These arachnids are often mistaken for spiders, but they are not true spiders. They belong to a separate order and have a distinct body structure, with a fused head and abdomen lacking a clear separation like in spiders. They also only have two eyes, not eight like spiders. They are scavengers, feeding on dead insects and decaying matter. They don't produce silk or venom, and they lack the ability to bite.
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Cellar Spiders (as discussed above): In some regions, the term "daddy long legs" is also colloquially used to refer to cellar spiders. This adds to the confusion, so it's vital to specify which creature is being discussed.
Do daddy long legs (harvestmen) bite?
No, harvestmen cannot bite. They lack the fangs necessary to bite or inject venom. Their mouthparts are designed for chewing, and they feed on decaying organic matter.
Are daddy long legs (harvestmen) poisonous?
No, harvestmen are not poisonous. They lack venom glands and pose no threat to humans. The myth that they are highly venomous but their fangs are too short to bite humans is completely false.
Cellar Spiders vs. Harvestmen: A Comparison Table
| Feature | Cellar Spider (Pholcidae) | Harvestman (Opiliones) |
|---|---|---|
| Order | Araneae (True Spiders) | Opiliones |
| Body | Small body, long legs | Fused head and abdomen |
| Eyes | Eight | Two |
| Venom | Yes (harmless to humans) | No |
| Webs | Builds irregular webs | Does not build webs |
| Diet | Insects caught in webs | Scavenging, decaying matter |
| Bite | Possible, but harmless | Impossible |
How to Identify Cellar Spiders and Harvestmen
The key to differentiating between these two arachnids lies in their physical characteristics:
- Look for the separation between the cephalothorax (head and chest) and abdomen: Cellar spiders have a clear division, while harvestmen have a fused body.
- Count the eyes: Cellar spiders have eight eyes, arranged in various patterns, while harvestmen have only two.
- Observe the legs: Cellar spiders have long, thin legs, often longer than their body. Harvestmen also have long legs, but their bodies are proportionally larger.
By paying attention to these details, you can confidently identify whether you're encountering a cellar spider or a harvestman.
Hopefully, this comprehensive guide helps to clarify the differences between cellar spiders and the creatures also called "daddy long legs," effectively dispelling common myths and misconceptions surrounding these fascinating arachnids.
